Überblick
"(...) Migration is not a new phenomenon?people have moved from one place to another throughout history. Until World War I there were few border controls but since then the introduction of passports has somewhat restricted movements. After World War II labour shortages in many economies around the globe encouraged large migrations not only to the traditional ?new world? destinations like the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand but also to Europe (Chiswick and Hatton 2002). Over the last three decades globalisation and the plethora of regional (eg European Union (EU)), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement (CER) and multilateral economic cooperation agreements (eg General Agreement in Trades in Services (GATS)) are in principle opening doors to further movements of skilled and unskilled labour. Globalisation has been the driving force in the temporary movements of high skilled people. This, however, is only true in some sectors like the information and communication technology (ICT), in which English is the common language and regulations and standards are set internationally, or in semi-skilled or unskilled work. Regional trade agreements approach labour mobility in a wide variety of ways. The approaches range from allowing permanent migration, including that of non-workers, to temporary movement for only service suppliers and explicitly excluding entry to the labour market or permanent migration. (...)"